Preventing Child Abuse Essay - 1393 Words

Child abuse is a phenomenon in today’s society. Many people have been victims and although it has been taken into consideration, more surveillance should be taking place. There are three types of abuse that ruin the life of a child: physical, emotional, and sexual. However, focusing on domestic violence, a child will be affected by physical and emotional abuse. The problem is that some parents may not even consider how it affects their child in public places. When a child has been abused, how long does it affect him or her into adulthood? Though there are different ways to discipline, a parent can choose from a variety of rewards to reinforce good behavior; furthermore, a trusted committee should organize ongoing parenting classes to help†¦show more content†¦It is hard to come home from work after dealing with a boss who dislikes his own job, making your job harder than it seems. Therefore, to strengthen family bonds, the government should form a coterie who can offe r their time to counsel those stressful parents by organizing sessions on parenting classes in the neighborhood. Parents could learn to control their reaction by either taking deep breaths after talking about the incident or to accept that a child doesn’t understand what adult stress is about. Parents need relief from the ongoing stress of being with children just like a student needs relief from doing homework. After a hard day of work, they could ask themselves what they need to do before socializing with the family such as going shopping, walk, and even calling a grown friend to help release the anger. Controlling temper will be an ongoing process but I believe there is hope to stop domestic violence. I say â€Å"no† to abuse. It turns the child into a wreck wherever she/he goes. No one wants a disrespectful child and no child wants to be isolated when in a public place. Kids appear to be isolated because some realize that they have an anger problem and they don’t want to be called by any negative name. When at home and for no reason parents calm themselves after yelling every known nasty words to kids,Show MoreRelatedPreventing Child Abuse And Maltreatment1293 Words   |  6 Pagesin preventing child abuse and maltreatment. In a child’s ecological system, the microsystem is important because it has direct contact with the child. The microsystem can include school, church, family, friends etc. The role of the community sets as a form of â€Å"surveillance† and â€Å"safe house† for children when they face any maltreatment. Individuals in the community should know and have a clear understanding on child abuse is and what to do when they suspicious or known there is a child abuse happeningRead MoreLaws On Preventing Child Abuse Essay1639 Words   |  7 Pagesworkers―many who were eight-year-olds. Laws on preventing child abuse have failed but there have been progressive, changing attitudes towards abuse. When the Civil War ended in 1865, the senate passed the 13th Amendment abolishing slavery, and the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act in 1986 prohibited child labor. Also, the legislative passed the Child Abuse Prevention Treatment Act (CAPTA) in 1974 stating that c hild abuse is a crime. However, now, abuse is more common than we actually think.Read MorePreventing Child Abuse Essay2027 Words   |  9 Pagesvictims of child abuse. Every day, someone experiences physical, emotional, neglect, and/or sexual abuse. Abuse can lead to death or injury for the rest of a victims life, from either the perpetrator or themselves. In order to prevent child abuse society must: recognize the types of abuse, understand common causes of abuse, know the characteristics of abusers, and realize the effects abuse has, not just on the child, but on families and communities across the world. Child abuse prevention mustRead MorePreventing Child Abuse By Donna J. Stone984 Words   |  4 Pages Prevent Child Abuse America is one of my top list organizations that makes a really big difference to preventing child abuse. The Prevent Child Abuse America is the organization founded in 1972 by Donna J. Stone. Their mission is â€Å"to prevent the abuse and neglect of our nation s children.† This organization helped and saved many innocent lives who suffered from abuse. They offer children to be able to stand again and seek better opportunity despite of being a victim of child abuse. They haveRead MoreEssay about Understanding and Preventing Child Abuse and Neglect1340 Words   |  6 PagesDave Pelzer, A Child Called It   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Child abuse, the physical and/or emotional abuse of a child by a parent, guardian, or other person, is a major problem in the United States. Child abuse, including sexual abuse, beating, and murder have increased and it is believed that many cases go unreported. Another for of child abuse is child neglect, which includes malnutrition, desertion, and inadequate care for a child.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Efforts have increased on the primary prevention of child abuse. This must beRead More The Social Workers Role in Preventing Child Abuse and Neglect3600 Words   |  15 Pagesare many forms of family violence, I view child abuse and neglect as the worst forms. Nothing bothers me more than knowing that somewhere, someone is abusing a completely helpless individual. I view it as our duty not only as social workers but also as humans to ensure that no child has to experience the pain and suffering involved with child abuse and neglect. This may seem like an impossible task, people have been trying for years to end child abuse with no success. I believe, however, thatRead MoreChild Abuse And Neglect Of Children Essay1276 Words   |  6 Pages Child Abuse and Neglect Tracy Vargas Arizona State University Child Abuse and Neglect In 2002 child protective service (CPS) agencies investigated more than 2.6 million reports of alleged child abuse and neglect (Harder, 2005, p. 1). The topic I have selected for this paper is child abuse and neglect. In this paper I will provide information of the findings for four different articles, I will include results provided by each article, finding similarities or dissimilarities. TheRead MoreThe Key Aspects Of The Relationship Between Poverty And The Greater Economic Hardship1514 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween abuse and neglect and the greater economic hardship which will have an impact on poverty and how this affects the chance of a child being abused or neglected. Looking at the evidence it is clear to see that there is a strong link associated between poverty and a child suffering from abuse and neglect. Introduction and context According to NSPCC there are more than 50,000 children in the UK are abused and neglected annually, this estimates that there are 8 children suffering abuse for everyRead MoreThe Problem Of Child Abuse1388 Words   |  6 PagesChild Abuse Community Agency To solve the problem we must first understand it. As a young person I believe that the issue of child abuse needs to be addressed. It is crucial for society to comprehend the extensive problems that it causes and how it impacts people. Child abuse is the physical, sexual or emotional maltreatment or neglect of a child or children. Anything deliberately to hurt a child or young person physically, sexually, emotionally or psychologically is child abuse. The five subtypesRead MoreThe Factors That Push Some Parents Abuse Their Children1078 Words   |  5 Pagesstrengthening the parent-child relationship, improving parenting skills to optimize the home environment and to increase the family’s ability to problem solve and assume he role of advocate for themselves and their children (Healthy Families Niagara). I assisted in building trusting relationships in the family unit. I assisted the family in establishing goals and a plan for accomplishment of those goals, as well as the assessment of normal growth and development of the child. I was responsible for

Financial Ethical Issue-7-Eleven-Case-Study-Samples for Students

Question: Describe an Ethical Issue related to the Financial Accounting of an Organization. Answer: Introduction This report aims to describe an ethical issue related to the financial accounting of an organization. Financial accounting is a very imperative part of business that describes integrity and values of a company through its corporate transparency with its stakeholders in long term (Otalor Eiya, 2013). Thus, this study elaborates the case study of 7-Eleven a convenience store in Australia to exhibit the importance and role of ethics in business organizations. Along with this, the report also insights some recommendation for future related to the case study. Moreover, it has been analyzed that often big organizations involved in scandals are encouraged by the top level management such as cases like Toshiba and FIFA scandal in 2015(Matthews Gandel, 2015). However, fair and true view of accounting helps an organization to earn credibility in the market. The business of an organization should be based on the morals and ethical code of conduct that protects the right of the clients, shareh olders and its employees. There are various branches of business ethics that helps the organizations in structuring strong ethical practices in the business environment such as corporate social responsibility, code of conducts, compliances and corporate governance. Role and importance of ethics in business An ethical business practice makes a great value to the companies in the market which is very importance for its survival with other competitors (Mihailovi?, et al., 2015). Ethics in business is a necessary tool that helps the organization in executing their business activities in a systematic and legally valid way. The business imposing ethical practices facilitates flexibility while negotiating with the government and labor union. In addition to this, it helps the organizations in achieving honesty and fairness in business which gives transparency and credibility in corporate governance. The organization also gains trust of investors in the market when executes its business with ethics and morals that facilities them easy loans and money from the stakeholders and banks. Moreover, it provides effective and impressive leadership skills to the organization which assembles and strengthens the relationship of human resource and shareholders at the same time (Kumar, et al., 2014). Ethica l practices improve the decision power of the company and create monopoly of organization among its competitors in the market. Concept of ethical dilemma in financial accounting Financial and accounting ethical behavior is very important issue that has been invigilated by the government and financial institution to avoid any scams and scandals (Ferrell et al., 2012). Financial and accounting reporting includes ethical issues such as asset misappropriation, financial reporting with deceitful or fake amount, full disclosure which are very common in any scandal. It destroys the organizations goodwill in the market and failure the business activities. Not only has it ended the growth of many organizations, but also impacted on workers and stakeholders negatively to a great extent (Brink, 2011). For this purpose many organizations such as GAAP, investment accounting, disclosure rules, American accounting standards, international financial reporting system and security and exchange commission has set some guidelines, regulations and rules while recording the accounts. The ethical dilemmas consist of accounting and financial reporting in the organizations, which ca n be resolved with the help of chartered accountants and other professionals of their respective fields. Some of the major solutions to make the transparency unquestionable from the start are showing consistency in the accounting and reporting regarding financial details as per true and fair view in records, integration of information technology system to make the clear transactional record, use proper evidence approach though billing and invoices. Along with this, coordinating values of organization between management and internal supports also helps in appropriate recording of the transaction (Mihailovi? et al., 2015). 7-Eleven Company Wage Scandal- Case Study 7-Eleven company was commenced in Texas, US in 1927 is a very renowned Convenience store chain around the world. It is being situated in more than 18 countries with 56600 stores in the world (7-Eleven, 2017). Recently, the company was in news because of the wage theft scandal in Australia in August 2015. The charges on the company were very serious on hiring low wage workers from foreign countries which are residing illegally in Australia from a long time. The company was exploiting its foreign workers from ages and threatened their workers for not exposing these practices. In case any complain been raised by any worker, the worker was fired and threatened by the management of the company. This prevents the scandal uninformed till 2015 and no legal charges were filed till that time. It has also been found in the investigations that 7-Eleven did not operate its business as per financial accounting standards since employees were not given half of their minimum payrolls rates (Ferguson Toft, 2015). In fact, sometimes company gave no compensation or half of the minimum payroll to the foreign workers for their overtimes, weekends, holidays and night shifts. These practices and theft of workers wages in terms of accounting was recorded in more than two third of the franchises of the company in Australia. In the meanwhile, it has also been discovered that the company has fired several employees without any compensation for their due wages. Along with that, former employees were underpaid like half of the minimum legal rate of wages holiday. It has also been revealed, that somehow wage theft in 7-Eleven case was exposed in 2015. After the depiction, company started giving their workers a minimum legal payroll whilst within sometime they started recollecting half of the money in cash from the workers after giving them wages. Hence, situation remained the same as before. As a consequence, when the case reopened and exposed for the second time, the jury of the court took all the underpaid wage claims individually for each worker. It has also been realized that the top-level authorities were also involved in the case which cleared the doubts on why any action was not taken even after many complaints from workers to the top supervisors and management. Top management also helped the manageme nt in concealing the complaints by firing the employees who raised their voices against management (Ferguson Danckert, 2016). In the end, Russ Withers and Warren Wilmon from the top level management of 7-Eleven were replaced by Bob Baily and Michael Smith respectively after their resignations. In this particular case study, there are several ethical dilemmas that should be considered for the financial reporting accounting such as wage theft. Recording figures with wrong amount and misleading information about the workers actual working hours are some of the major issues in the case. Along with this, there are ethical issues such as non-compliance of stakeholders or workers right of minimum legal wage payroll. The company has recorded all the incorrect financial figures relating to the wages and manipulated its financial accounts (Ekuma Akobo, 2015). The business practice of 7-Eleven was full of false representation of accounts to its shareholders, supported by the top-level management itself. It has been evaluated that by hiring illegal workers and threatening them for less payment also violated the human rights which is against the ethical business practices. Additionally, the study is structured with two theories related to the ethical practices in the accounting including deontological ethics theory and categorical imperative theory (O'Donohue Ferguson, 2003). In deontological theory, the recommendation is fully concerned with the fairness and trueness actions as a priority. It is more about doing the right practices in the business activities and supports it with full commitment and right to do rational things. It is more focused on the rights of everyone more than desire of an individual. In the similar way, categorical imperative theory also assumes and believes in treating others with fairness. It also states that a good leader set an ethical example by following and acting ethically (O'Donohue Ferguson, 2003). It describes the same set of rules for everyone with the same guidelines and practices. Recommendations In the present context, there are some recommendations that can help the management in overcoming the inadequacy in the ethical practices. It has been seen in this case that top level management was supporting the unethical practices of wage theft which suggests that management and top senior authorities should be changed frequently or time to time with a fair system of voting rights of stakeholders (Mehrotra, 2012). The accounting and financial recording was fraudulent and had hidden many assets in the record to deceive stakeholders which is a result of loses internal control and corruption among financial accountants of the company. Thus, all the financial accountants should be changed and a professional trusted chartered accountant should be deployed for the transparent and fair accounting system. The company also requires time to time audits with external authorities to make the recording more trustworthy and to gain trust of all stakeholders again (Crane Matten, 2016). Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be inferred that ethical business practices are very essential for business organizations to follow. Unethical activities are often encouraged by the top level or senior level management that converts into scandals and scams later such as Toshiba and FIFA scam. It has also been provided that every crime or violation of ethical code of conducts is exposed after some period of time in any organization that does not follows it. The effective compliance with ethical code of conduct is certainly very important aspect in building trust among stakeholders. It helps in achieving credibility and value in the market. In the present study, 7-Eleven-case study is a perfect example of accounting and financial ethical dilemma that describes the wage theft and accounting record to deceive stakeholders of the organization. The company also violated human right and employment rights by firing and threatening their former employees. The company has not even paid half of the amount according to the minimal legal wage rate. As a recommendation, change of management in some minimum period of time and external audits are suggested. References 7-Eleven. 2017. About Us. Financial. Retrieved on August 16, 2017, from https://corp.7-eleven.com/corp/about Brink, A. 2011. Corporate Governance and Business Ethics. Springer Science Business Media. Crane, A., Matten, D. 2016. Business Ethics: Managing Corporate Citizenship and Sustainability in the Age of Globalization. Oxford University Press. Ekuma, K. J., Akobo, L. A. 2015. Human Resource Management Ethics and Professionals Dilemmas: A Review and Research Agenda. Human Resource Management Research 5(3), pp. 47-57. Ferguson A., Toft, K. 2015. Retrieved on August 16, 2017, from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-08-31/exploitation-part-of-7-eleven-business-model-insider-says/6733682 Ferguson, A., Danckert, S. 2016. An inconvenient year for 7-Eleven. Retrieved on August 16, 2017, from https://www.smh.com.au/business/retail/an-inconvenient-year-for-7eleven-20160826-gr1xff.html Ferrell, O. C., et al. 2012. Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making Cases. 9th ed. Cengage Learning. Kumar, K. S., et al. 2014. The Importance of Business Ethics in Globalisation -A Study. International Journal of Advancements in Research Technology 3(4), pp. 285- 298. Matthews, C., Gandel, S. 2015. The 5 Biggest Corporate Scandals of 2015. Retrieved on August 24, 2017, from https://fortune.com/2015/12/27/biggest-corporate-scandals-2015/ Mehrotra, C. 2012. Ethics: ?Its Importance, Role and Code in Information Technology. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 7(2), pp. 417-421. Mihailovi?, B., et al. 2015. Role of business ethics in management of human resources. 61(1), pp. 85-96. O'Donohue, W., Ferguson, K. E. 2003. Handbook of Professional Ethics for Psychologists: Issues, Questions, and Controversies. SAGE. Otalor, J. I., Eiya, O. 2013. Ethics in Accounting and the Reliability of Financial Information. European Journal of Business and Management 5(13), pp. 73-81. Tham, J. C. 2016. 7-Eleven is the tip of the iceberg in worker exploitation. So who's turning a blind eye? Retrieved on August 16, 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/may/12/7-eleven-is-the-tip-of-the-iceberg-in-worker-exploitation-so-whos-turning-a-blind-eye

Islamic religion Essay Example

Islamic religion Essay Islamic religion was initially faced by difficult circumstances after the death of Prophet Muhammad which led to the split of Islam into two branches namely Sunni and Shia Muslims. The division was as a result of spiritual and political leadership regarding the Succession of the prophet which brought disagreement to a level of many people losing their lives. Eventually each of the two branches adopted some practices which led to the differences in their beliefs. However under the umbrella of the Koran teachings the two major branches still maintain some similarities which are extensively discussed in this paper. The Significance point to note is that both branches utilize the teachings that were laid down by Prophet Muhammad despite their Separation. Sunni and Shia Muslim Islam is among the religions in the world that has tremendously grown currently with the representation almost in every part of the world. With the foundation of the Islam based on the book of Koran, the originality can be traced way back in 7th century from the teachings of Muhammad whom according to Islamic religion is believed to be Gods last prophets in the world. Although the organization of the Islamic religion was done by Muhammad, Muslims believe that the concept of the religion existed prior to the arrival of Muhammad. This is actually from the definition of the terminology Muslim which tends to portray an affirmation that the earlier prophets represented Muslims. This paper will venture on the representation of the Sunni and Shia Muslim as well as their differences and similarities of these two major branches and brief introduction of the factors that lead to the split will be covered. We will write a custom essay sample on Islamic religion specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Islamic religion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Islamic religion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The formation of the two major branches of Muslim can be traced back during the period when the Islamic religion was in the process of organization. This was mostly attributed by the policies on establishment and the leadership that was initially introduced. Under this contradictions and disagreements the major branches namely Sunni and Shia came up. Recent statistics indicate that Sunni Muslim has a bigger percentage as compared to the Shia Muslims which represents around 15 per cent of the total Muslim world wide. The split took place after the death of Prophet Muhammad (Madelung, W.1996). The succession of Muhammad was surrounded by some disagreements because Shia Muslim regarded Ali who was Muhammad cousin to be the direct successor of the prophet after his death but the Sunnis held on the point of Ali being the fourth on the succession linage. However the succession took place according to Sunnis arrangement whereby Ali took over the leadership after the death of the third calip h Uthman who was murdered. In accordance to the exercise that is supposed to be carried out in the investigation of the murder. Ali was criticized by the prophet Muhammad wife, Aisha which resulted to the battle in 656 AD but Aisha was defeated. The battle was not yet over since Ali was confronted by Muaniya ummayad who was the cousin to Uthman on the claims that justice was not done following the murder of Uthman. Ali compromised with Muaniya which angered Ali supporters and eventually one of them killed Ali. Following the death of Ali, Muaniya became the caliph although Ali saw Hussein was the one supposed to succeed his father. All did not go well with Muaniya since he was killed. More separation between the Shia Muslims and the Sunnis increased when the son of Muaniya called Yazid took over the caliphate and led to opposition from Hussein the younger son of Ali who claimed to be the right person to take over. Unfortunately Hussein and his men were slaughtered and Yazid continued as caliph. The differences between the Shias and Sunnis continued to date which are clearly defined by their teachings and believes. In an attempt to distinguish the two major branches of the Muslims several differences are discussed below. According to (Kramer, M. 1987) the Sunnis came from the terminology sunnah which stands for the word custom. After the death of the prophet Muhammad, majority of the Muslims decided to follow the customs which were demonstrated by the prophet Muhammad. They actually believed that he did not name his successor as the prophet and that is why they concentrated on practices that prophet taught before his death, hence the title Sunnis. On contrary Shia Muslims believed that the prophet designated Alias his successor and that they are obliged to follow his leadership. This concept facilitated the split between the Sunnis and the Shia Muslim. Shia Muslim base their religious leadership on a certain hierarchy which is led by imam or a spiritual leader who is believed to lead under divine authority and therefore Shia Muslims are subjected to imams doctrinal decisions with no objection or argument. This follows the belief that the supreme imam the later Ayatollah Khomeni inherited the spiritual authority from the prophet Muhammad and through the spiritual guidance he had religious power merely bestowed on him. Shia Muslims also refers imams as the right figures to analyze and interpret the Muslim teachings in accordance to the Islamic religion. Sunnis on the other hand base their spiritual guidance on jurists and scholars who have only the duty of researching and explaining the Islamic teachings with a divinity attachment. Their opinions are not considered to be final and they can always agree on any opinions as long as it is in accordance with Islamic teachings. The death of Ali and his son Hussein has a significant value to the Shia Muslim. They consider them as the martyrs, who died in the defense of the Islamic as a religion. This aspect has been considered to be among the Shia Muslims background and has even been associated with some religion practices which are carried out to commemorate past events. On contrary Sunni Muslims believe in the exercise of carrying out the missionary work to convert the non-Muslims to become Muslims other than dwelling on the tradition and practices that Shia Muslims are involved in. These practices therefore contradict Shia Muslims efforts which they aim on persuading other Muslims to join them, and according to Sunnis this has less to do with the Islamic fundamentals, therefore concluding that the Shia Muslims fail to take the Islam faith seriously. As part of the Islamic practices Muslims have a specific prayer arrangement which takes part five times in one day. Among the five prayers involved are fajr, zulir, asr, Maghrib and Isa. According to the Islamic teachings each Muslim is supposed to pray five times in a day. This is mostly adhered to by the Sunni Muslims, but for the Shia Muslims pray less than five times and sometimes they combine the prayers to pray three times in a day. This contributes to the difference between the two branches. Still on this point of prayer, the Shia Muslim has a different way in which they perform the Salat and Wudu. Normally while the Muslim is performing his prayer, he places his forehead on the prayer mat but the Shia Muslim use the dry clay which is found in Karbala. This is in conjunction with the Shia believed about the battle in Karbala. Islam has a lot of teachings and guidelines that touches most aspects of the daily life of Muslims. This is meant to effectively form the basis of uniform principles to distinguish a Muslim from a non Muslim. Among the aspects included is the marriage but according to the division that took place, the concept of marriage is found to differ between the Sunnis and the Shia Muslims. Mutah which is referred to as temporary marriage in Islam is normally practiced by Shia Muslims but Sunni Muslim rejected it after the death of the prophet Muhammad. After the split of Sunni and Shia Muslims, the Sunni which has the biggest percentage has no sub sects but the Shia Muslim further subdivided to various sub sects which includes the Ismailiya, Zaydiyah and the twelvers which is the largest among the sub sects. This subdivision was actually facilitated by religious disagreements in the aspect of imams. For instance, twelvers recognize 12 imams but others have different opinions on the number of i mams. Apart from the differences that exist between the above discussed two major branches of Islam, they also have some similarities which generalize them as Muslims. One of he striking similarity is that both Sunni and Shia Muslim believe in one God and that they both recognize Prophet Muhammad as the last prophet of God. Under this believe they both use the Koran as the Holy Scriptures. This actually facilitates them in recognition of either group to be Muslims. According to Islam Koran is the words that come from God and through Angel Gabriel, they were passed to the prophet Muhammad as the last message of God to the Muslims. The writing of Koran was done by the prophet Muhammad as the last massager of God to the Muslims. The writing of Koran was done by the prophet who was assisted by his companions. Most of the writings in the Koran clearly elaborate the principles under which the Muslim is supposed to base his life upon and also the values to be followed. Both Sunnis and Shias also believe in reciting the Koran which is normally done in Arabic, since the original Koran was written in Arabic and they attempt to preserve the original message. Similar to other religions, Islam is based on a foundation that entails the beliefs and practices which gives the guidance and instructions to be followed by Muslims. In Islam the fundamentals are referred as five pillars of Islam. Both Sunnis and the Shia Muslims adhere to these Islamic fundamentals. Muslims are therefore united by them as the representation of the five duties of Muslim in the society. With most of the preaching that was carried out by Muhammad in the city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia both Sunnis and the Shia believe that it is a holy city. Every year there are specific days in which Muslim from all over the world assemble in holy city Mecca to conduct prayers. Other Islamic holy cities include medina and Jerusalem.   Therefore both the Sunnis and Shia Muslims believe in these three holy cities but the Shia Muslims have two additional cities, they are Najaf and Karbala. This practice is also found in the holy days. Islamic major holidays represent area where similarities between both major branches are witnessed. Eid – Al Adha and Eid al Fitr are both recognized by the Sunnis and Shia Muslim. They are usually celebrated in specified days of the year. (Coulson, N. J.1971) Argues that Islamic teachings have in most cases been presented following what is written in Koran without distorting the message. On this concept therefore a lot of basic message has been maintained by both branches which have facilitated the aspect of Islamic religion. Examples involve the teachings on the Day of Judgment. From the book of Koran, there is substantial information about the events that would take place in that day. Both branches clearly appreciate the message. The similarities in the beliefs eventually derive a conclusion that although there are major differences between the two branches from the originality of the Islamic religion, they mostly share major concept that distinguishes a Muslim from a non-Muslim.

Checkpoint Network Consultant Scenario Essay Example

Checkpoint Network Consultant Scenario Essay Example Checkpoint Network Consultant Scenario Essay Checkpoint Network Consultant Scenario Essay Network Consultant Scenario You have been contracted to build a network for a multimedia development firm that currently uses a 10-Mbps Ethernet network. The company requires a high-bandwidth network for the multimedia team, which constantly views and manipulates large files across the network. The company is expecting moderate growth. You are to come up with a solution to support the high-bandwidth applications and growth potential of this company. Required result: Â ¦ Increase network bandwidth. Optional result: Â ¦ Support future growth. Improve server response time. Proposed solution: Â ¦ Install CAT 5 UTP cable in a star topology with the existing hub. Â ¦ Upgrade the workstation’s adapter cards to support 100 Mbps. Â ¦ Increase the amount of RAM in the server.The proposed solution ___________. a. achieves the required result and both optional results b. does not achieve the required result but achieves both the optional results c. does not achieve the required resul t but does achieve one of the optional results d. achieves the required result but cannot achieve either of the optional results e. chieves neither the required result nor either of the optional results Ans:Correct answer should be e. achieves neither the required result nor either of the optional results the result the firm wants to achieve is to Increase network bandwidth. Optional results are, the solution proposed should support future growth and improve server response time. The proposed solution does not meet any of the above mentioned requirements. Though CAT-5 cable supports up to 100 Mbps, it will not improve the network bandwidth significantly. Bottleneck will be Hub.Instead of Hub, firm should put switch which will decrease collision. If it is layer-3 switch, VLAN can also be configured which will improve response time and network performance. Similarly, this solution does not support future growth. In fact, futuristic solution would suggest use of CAT 5e cable, Layer-3 s witch, server farm. Using router would give better result, but since firm is witnessing moderate growth only, we can rule out the use of router for time being as it is a costly solution. Increasing RAM of servers is not a solution but ad-hoc measure.Performance of server depends on so many things including processor speed, quality of network, memory etc. Increasing RAM is only a try. Instead firm could create a server farm. When a hub receives a packet of data, it transmits the packet to all of its ports and, thus, to all of the other network equipments on the network. If two or more PCs on the network try to send packets at the same time a collision occurs, which detoriates the network performance. Switch break-up collision domain. So, it will give improved network performance.Also, a layer-3 switch can be used to configure VLAN which will improve the network performance dramatically as packets can be restricted inside own virtual LAN. Use of CAT 5e cable will help the firm in futu re when firm can put equipments supporting higher bandwidth and goes for network revamping. Otherwise firm will have to lay the cable again. A server farm is a group of computers acting as servers and housed together at a same place. It helps the firm in maintaining the particular location (like cooling). Server farms are typically co-located with the network switch which improves the server response.

Managing People organisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing People organisation - Essay Example By 2003, Alstom Power Service had belted 13% of the market share of the power generation servicing industry and doubled their operating income from â‚ ¬ 200 million in 1999/2000 to â‚ ¬ million in 2003/4. Alstom Power Service grew from a non-entity to a major revenue earner for Alstom between 1999-2005. During this period after sales, service, provision of spares wing of the company with a workforce of 10000 that was considered a minor add on and low end service to the OEM business bloomed into a powerful arm of the company. The turnaround in the fortunes came by a disciplined and well trained work force meticulously following the strategies and goals laid down by its top management. The PESTLE analysis is a useful tool for understanding risks associated with market growth or decline, and as such the position, potential and direction for a business or organisation. The PESTLE Analysis is often used as a generic orientation tool, finding out where an organisation or product is in the context of what is happening out side that will at some point effect what is happening inside an organisation. The PESTLE Analysis Tool and Template http://www.rapidbi.com/created/the-PESTLE-analysis-tool.html#PESTLEtemplete accessed on ) Political: Alstom Power Service was structured into seven units with five units representing one country only operations. In were separated in six regions where five of them represented five countries and others for global operations. The five units had one core expertise such as gas, steam turbines, and boiler technology. Within two years Alstom Power Service segment represented a global region with all of the units showing mutual interdependence to satisfy core technology needs of the people. With each of its region either operating in many countries of the world, the Alstom Power Service was open to global competition. Headquartered in Paris, it is a French

The Role of Social Institutions in Society Essay

The Role of Social Institutions in Society - Essay Example In some societies, however, the educated are viewed with mistrust. Regardless of the view others have of education and educated individuals, it cannot be denied that formal education influences values in a society relative to the importance of material culture, the acceptance of unfamiliar or opposing values from other cultures and the importance of self reflection. Formal education is often the mechanism where the rules concerning social behavior and expression is taught in a society. An interesting aspect of education and social transmission of values that could be tested would be the ability and willingness of people to work cooperatively in a group to accomplish an unfamiliar task. The experiment could be designed so that groups of individuals would be paired with other individuals with similar educational experiences and level of attainment. Measurements could be made to see if there were different levels of cooperation between groups of different educational attainment levels. The scientific method starts off with a scientific question that needs answered. A hypothesis is formed that can be tested. An experiment is devised that will isolate the variables the scientist hopes to study. As the experiment is conducted, data is compiled.

Optimizing Cash Management Model With Computer Intelligence

Optimizing Cash Management Model With Computer Intelligence Alli  and M.M. Ramya Abstract In today’s technical era, the financial organizations have great challenges to optimize the cash management process. Maintaining minimum cash leads to customer frustration. At the same time, upholding excess cash is a loss to the organization. Hence, soft computing based cash management solutions are required to maintain optimal cash balance. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is one such technique which plays a vital role in the fields of cognitive science and engineering. In this paper, a novel ANN-based cash Forecasting Model (ANNCFM) has been proposed to identify the cash requirement on daily, weekly and monthly basis. The six cash requirement parameters: Reference Year (RY), Month of the Year (MOY), Working Day of the Month (WDOM), Working Day of the Week (WDOW), Salary Day Effect (SDE) and Holiday Effect (HDE) were fed as input to ANNCFM. Trials were carried out for the selection of ANNCFM network parameters. It was found that number of hidden neurons, learning rate and the momentum when set to 10, 0.3 and 0.95 respectively yielded better results. Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and mean squared error (MSE) were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed model. MSE that was less than 0.01 proves the capability of the proposed ANNCFM in estimating the cash requirement. Keywords: ANN, ANNCFM , neuron, back-propagation, momentum, learning rate. Introduction: Forecasting cash demand needs to be more accurate for any financial organization including banks [1-3]. If the forecast is flawed, in addition to making financial losses to the banks, it results in customer dissatisfaction. In banking industry, an earlier cash requirement study was made using feed forward neural network with back propagation for short term data of two months [1]. Subsequently another comparative study was made for the cash anticipation using a classic time series models and artificial neural networks [2]. The daily cash requirement models for a bank were optimized with particle swarm and compared with least square method for short term data [3]. The main objective of the paper is to design, develop and test a unique supervised method to forecast the cash requirement for banks from their historic data. 1.1 ANN Background ANN is an efficient tool in understanding the complexities of real world problems in all fields of our daily life[4]. It is used as a function optimizer for linear as well as nonlinear problems in science,engineering,technology,management and finance[5-9]. Artificial neural network learning methods provides the best approach for approximating discrete,real and vector valued target functions [10-12], for complex problems, which are not possible to solve by conventional mathematical methods like analytical and numerical technique. ANN are applied in forex market prediction,portfolio optimization,decision making, metrological parameters forecasting[13-19] etc., The various ANN based approaches applied by researchers in finance field as an alternative to traditional time series model includes Financial and economic forecasting, credit authorization screening, simulation of market behavior, mortgage risk assessment, risk rating of investments and detection of regularities in security price movements [15-19]. 2.0 Design of Proposed ANNCFM Architecture: The process of designing a neural network in many fields resulted in a satisfactory performance but building a neural network forecast for a particular problem is nontrivial task. The modeling issues that affect the performance of the neural network must be selected carefully. 2.1. Selection of ANN Parameters In general, the design of multilayer ANN can have many layers where a layer represents a set of distributed parallel processing nodes. The three layered ANN network with one input, one output and one intermediate hidden layer is sufficient to approximate any complex non-linear function. In the case of forecasting studies many experimental results also confirms ANN with one hidden layer is enough to predict the required data [6-8]. The model architecture of ANNCFM is shown in the Fig1. Fig1: Architecture of ANNCFM Model The important critical decision is to determine the architecture is i) number of layers, ii) number of neurons in each layer, iii) number of arcs which interconnect with nodes , iv) activation function of hidden and output nodes, v) training algorithm, vi)data transformation or normalization, vii)training and test sets and viii)performance measures. 3.0 Design of Proposed ANN Models The proposed ANNCFM model consists of one input, one hidden and an output layer as discussed in section 2.1. In this study the data was collected from a semi–urban area bank located in India. The typical daily cash requirement for thebank for one year is shown in Fig2. Fig. 2: Typical Cash Requirement for a Year The collected data was for a period of three years (2010 to 2012) and was used for training and testing with the following input parameters: RY- Reference year: ranges between 1 to 3 as three years MOY-Month of the year: ranges from 1to 12, WDOM-Working day of the month: ranging from 1 to 27, WDOW –Working day of the week: ranging from 1 to 6, SDE- Salary day effect: ranging from 1 to 3, and HDE- Holiday and the week end effect: either 0 or 1. The fore mentioned parameters were used as six input neurons. In the hidden layer, the number of neurons were varied from 8 to 50.The output layer had one neuron that corresponds to the optimal cash requirement for a day. 3.1 Pseudocode- ANNCFM Main() { [W, V, Voj, Wok]=ANNCFMtrain( x,nip,nh,op,ÃŽ ±,ÃŽ ¼,t) yk = ANNCFMtest(ts, W,V, Voj,Wok,t) [Mserr,Mape]=ANNCFMevaluate() } FunctionANNCFMtrain(x,nip,nh,op,ÃŽ ±,ÃŽ ¼,t) returns network with modified weight { Repeat { For each training sample x(I,nip) //Feed forward computation //Determine the output neuron between input layer and hidden layer //Determine the output neuron between hidden layer and output layer //Compute the error signal between the output and hidden layer //Update the weights between the output(k) and Hidden(j) layer; If itr=1 then { else End if } //Update bias between the output and hidden If itr =1 then { Else End if } //Update the weights between the input(i) and Hidden(j) layer; If itr=1 then { Else End if } //Update bias between the hidden and input If itr =1 then { Else End if } } Until mse } Function ANNCFMtest(ts, W,V, Voj,Wok,t ) returns output(y) { For each testsample ts //Feed forward computation //Determine the output neuron between input layer and hidden layer //Determine the output neuron between hidden layer and output layer } ANNCFM evaluate(tk ,yk,ts) { } 4.0 Evaluation Metrics: In order to derive and evaluate the performance of the most appropriate model that fulfils our objective of optimizing the cash management, few metrics were used. The accuracy of the proposed ANNCFM is evaluated using MAPE and MSE which are defined as follows: MSE= Where Xt is the actual data at period t, Ft is the forecast at period, t, et is the forecast error at period t, while n is the number of observations. 5.0 Results and discussion: The data for a period of three years (2010-2012) was collected from City Union Bank (CUB)-ukt bank branch to simulate the network using MATLAB .For the proposed study the total number of data for the three years is 879, in which the first two and half years, 737 data were used for training(80%) and the remaining six months 142 data sets (20%) were used for testing. Studies found that input data normalization with certain criteria, prior to training process, is crucial to obtain good results, as well as to fasten significantly the calculations [J.Sola J. Sevilla]. Hence the input data was normalized before training. In ANNCFM, 15 runs were made by varying the number of hidden neurons from 10 to 50 using gradient descent with momentum back-propagation (traingdm) for the default training parameters learning rate =0.01, momentum=0.95, Goal=0, and number of iterations as 6000, are illustrated in table 1-column2. The convergence of ANNCFM is influenced by number of hidden neurons in which by varying the number of hidden neurons between 10 through 50. The error was minimal when the number of hidden neurons was set to 10, 20, 40, 45 and 50, by achieving a MSE of 0.0079 as observed from column 3 of table 1. As the number of hidden neurons increase, there is a significant increase in the computational time. Hence the number of hidden neurons in the proposed study was fixed as 10. The pictorial representation for the optimal hidden neuron against its MSE are shown in Fig. 3. Fig.3: Optimal Number of hidden neurons. The learning rate ‘lr’ arrives at a local optimum for the higher learning rate and global optimum for slow learning process. Different trials were made to identify the optimal learning rate to avoid the unstable condition and fluctuations in the results. Learning rate was varied between 0.1 through 0.5 in which 0.3 yielded an optimal learning rate for the given data set, as shown in Fig-4. Fig 4: Optimal learning rate The momentum plays a vital role in identifying the convergence point. Momentum, when set too low, it may get stuck into local minima, and if it is too high, network will become unstable. So there is a need to identify the optimal momentum value for ANNCFM, various momentum values were tested between 0.8 and 1.0, the trained results shows that the optimal momentum value was 0.95 are shown in the Fig-5 Fig 5: Optimal Momentum rate In the ANNCFM model to train and test the cash requirement for a day, week, month the following parameters values are selected based on their performance from the different number of runs made above: i) the number of input neurons=6, ii) maximum number of iteration=6000, iii) learning rate= 0.3, iv) momentum=0.95, v) transfer function=tansig/tansig (hidden and output layer). The optimal selection of the above parameters helped in improving the performance, by minimizing the error rate. This is evident from Table 1, that shows the MSE achieved before and after parameter selection. Table1: ANNCFM performance for different number of hidden neurons The ANNCFM was used to estimate daily, weekly and monthly cash requirement. The estimated values were compared with the actual values for the testing period are shown in Fig.6a,b,c.for the daily ,weekly and monthly prediction. The obtained results shows the ANNCFM was found to perform reasonably good for all the three models .The weights calculated by our ANNCFM was found to be sufficient for cash prediction in which RY,MOY,WDOM, WDOW are essential parameters, and SDE,HDE are additional parameters .The connection weight approach was used to quantify the importance of input variable [20]. The preference of the input parameters were found based on the weights obtained was evident from Table 2, column-4. Table 2: ANNCFM Weights-Preferences. The input parameters SDE and HDE plays a vital role in daily and weekly model as it was observed from the above table it effectively takes care the need of peak cash requirement at the beginning of every month and during holiday periods. The role of SDE in the weekly cash prediction could be easily understood for the weeks like 1,5,14, where the cash requirement is maximum since the beginning of the month lies within the week. However for the 9th and 10th as well as for the 18th and 19th week cash requirement shows the new month starts between the weeks. The monthly model was plotted for six months as shown in Fig.6c in which the experimental results shows that the estimated values were most influenced by WDOM .The cash required and predicted was minimum for the fourth month in which WDOM was minimum. The MAPE and MSE for ANNCFM are shown in Table 3 . Fig.6-a: ANNCFM –Daily Model Fig.6-b: ANNCFM –Weekly Model Fig .6-c : ANNCFM –Monthly Model Table 3 : MAPE and MSE errors for ANNCFM The comparison made between the actual and forecast data shown from the figures indicates that the six input variables selected in our model is sufficient to identify the cash need which is changing from time to time. 6.0 Conclusion: The observations from the experimental results of this study shows that ANNCFM is a useful tool to predict the cash requirement in emerging banking sector. ANNCFM using feed forward neural network training with back-propagation algorithm optimize the needs of cash on daily, weekly and monthly basis. In the implementation process the data set used for the years between 2010 and 2012 were trained and tested to measure the performance. 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